Skin dryness and dehydration have different causes.
Environmental factors: climatic changes, such as cold, lack of humidity, wind, high temperatures and chronic exposure to the sun, contribute to water evaporating from the epidermis, encouraging dehydration. Hard water is also a factor in skin dehydration. By accumulating on the skin, limescale forms a barrier that reduces the skin's ability to absorb and retain water. This water loss contributes to skin dryness. Similarly, the build-up of limescale prevents the naturally-occurring sebum from being properly distributed, weakening the hydrolipidic barrier.
Poor skincare routine: dry skin can be caused by the use of harsh cleansing products, such as alkaline soaps, certain surfactants and bubble baths. Applying the wrong skincare routine also removes oils and sebum from the skin, making it drier.
Hormonal variations: last but not least, skin ageing and hormonal variations, particularly during the menopause, cause a drop in oestrogen levels. This hormonal decline has an indirect impact on sebum production and skin thickness, amplifying the sensation of dryness and causing more signs of ageing.
Lack of hydration: not drinking enough water can have a direct impact on the skin and serum production. That's why it's important to drink at least 1 litre of water a day, which can also include supplements in it.
Genetic factors: don't forget heredity, as some people have naturally dry skin because they produce less sebum. In fact, you need to follow an appropriate skincare routine to provide your body and skin with enough water.