Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vaginal lining and, in some cases, the vulva. There are several types of vaginitis, arising from different causes, including bacterial or hormonal factors. However, it is not always easy to distinguish between their symptoms.
Bacterial Vaginitis or Gardnerella-Induced Bacterial Vaginosis: Bacterial vaginitis results from a complex change in the vaginal flora: the number of lactobacilli (the ‘good’ bacteria) decreases, allowing pathogenic bacteria to develop. Bacterial vaginosis caused by Gardnerella (a bacterium naturally present in the vagina) is the most common vaginal infection. This form of vaginitis is often recognisable by the coloured, foul-smelling vaginal discharge that accompanies it. Examination of these secretions during a medical consultation helps to confirm the diagnosis.
Fungal Vaginitis: Fungal vaginitis is also known as ‘candidal’ vaginitis, or vaginal thrush, as it is caused by an overgrowth of a fungus: Candida albicans. It generally causes thick, white discharge and itching in the vulva and vagina, which may vary in severity. A pelvic examination and an analysis of the vaginal pH can confirm the diagnosis.
Trichomoniasis: Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted vaginal infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. It usually presents with heavy, discoloured and foul-smelling vaginal discharge, pain of varying severity in the vulva and vagina, and pain during urination and sexual intercourse. However, it can sometimes be asymptomatic. Various laboratory tests and a gynaecological examination are required to confirm the diagnosis.
Non-Infectious Atrophic Vaginitis: Caused by dryness and a reduction in vaginal secretions, this type of inflammation of the vulva and vagina is linked to a drop in oestrogen levels during the menopause. This non-infectious vulvovaginitis can cause itching, a burning sensation, discomfort during sexual intercourse and urinary problems.










