The terms used to describe skin reactions are often confused, but sensitive, irritated, allergic and atopic skin are not the same. Understanding the differences can help you choose suitable skincare products and better understand how your skin reacts.
Allergic or sensitised skin
Allergic skin reacts to a specific substance that triggers an immune response. This is known as a contact allergy. It can cause localised redness, swelling and other signs of skin discomfort. This type of reaction involves the immune system and is known as allergic contact dermatitis.
Irritated or irritable skin
What feels like skin hypersensitivity is often irritation. Skin becomes irritated when it comes into contact with an ingredient or product that can irritate it. This can compromise the skin barrier, causing redness, stinging or a burning sensation.
Sensitive or hypersensitive skin
Sensitive skin reacts more intensely than usual to external factors that are generally well tolerated, such as changes in temperature, cosmetics, pollution or friction. These reactions often cause redness and discomfort, including tingling, tightness or a burning sensation.
Hypersensitive skin shows similar signs, but the reactions tend to be more pronounced and frequent.
Dehydrated skin
Dehydrated skin is not necessarily sensitive. It lacks water, often because the skin barrier is less effective at retaining moisture, which can lead to tightness and discomfort. A weakened skin barrier can also make the skin more sensitive.
Atopic skin
Atopic skin is associated with atopy, a predisposition to allergic conditions. It falls within a specific medical context and often requires dermatological care. It is distinct from simply having sensitive skin, even though some symptoms may be similar.