Vulvar Skin Peeling: What Are the Possible Causes?

The vulva is the external part of the female genitalia. It comprises the labia majora and labia minora, the clitoris and the vestibule. It is an area of the body that is highly vascularised and rich in nerve endings. It is therefore particularly sensitive and vulnerable to external irritants, such as pathogens, friction from clothing or unsuitable hygiene products. Consequently, flaking may sometimes be observed on the vulva. The skin is dry and peels, forming fine, white flakes.

This may sometimes be accompanied by redness, itching or vulvar irritation. It may appear thinner and more fragile, or conversely thicker and keratinised, particularly in cases of chronic inflammatory conditions. This flaking may be benign and temporary, or it may indicate a more serious condition. Indeed, the possible causes of this phenomenon are very varied. It may be due to vaginal dryness associated with hormonal changes, a genital infection or even a skin condition, such as eczema or lichen sclerosus. Whatever the cause of flaking of the vulva, it is important not to ignore this symptom and to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Peeling skin in the vulva may occur occasionally, for example during the natural healing of a minor irritation. However, it may also indicate an underlying condition, which it is important to identify as early as possible to enable prompt treatment.

Hormonal changes

Menopause is a period particularly characterised by significant hormonal changes. In particular, it causes a sharp drop in oestrogen levels. This natural decline has a number of consequences for a woman’s body. Among other things, it can lead to dry skin and a thinning of the skin. The vulva is not spared by this phenomenon and may therefore become thinner and more fragile, accompanied by dryness. This makes it more vulnerable to various discomforts, such as irritation, a tight feeling or flaking. This phenomenon can also occur after childbirth or during hormonal disturbances resulting from a medical condition.

Skin conditions

Several skin conditions can also cause flaking of the vulva, such as:

Vulvar lichen sclerosus: This is a chronic inflammatory condition of the vulva. The cause is not yet fully understood, but it appears to be linked to an immune dysfunction. It is a condition that can occur at any age. However, it is more common in women around the time of the menopause. This condition often begins with intense vulvar itching. Subsequently, areas of skin become pale and change in texture, appearing thicker and drier. At an advanced stage, the vulva may eventually atrophy, leading to changes in it's natural shape.

Genital lichen planus: This is another form of lichen. It causes red or purplish lesions, itching, a burning sensation, and areas of flaking skin. It can be painful, particularly during sexual intercourse.

Vulvar eczema: Eczema is also a chronic inflammatory condition. It often first appears in childhood in people with a hereditary predisposition to atopic conditions. This skin condition tends to improve with age, but can sometimes persist into adulthood and affect the genital area in particular. However, the onset of eczema in the vulva is most often of allergic origin. Indeed, many allergens can come into contact with the genital area and cause contact dermatitis. This may, for example, be caused by substances contained in a topical treatment, in sanitary towels or even in the fabric of certain items of underwear. The eczema then triggers a skin reaction which progresses to the formation of scabs and flaking skin.

Vaginal infections

Vaginal yeast infections: These are fungal infections caused by the fungus Candida albicans. Many women have experienced at least one episode of vaginal yeast infection during their lifetime. This infection causes thick, lumpy discharge and may lead to irritation and flaking due to the intense itching it causes. Several factors can trigger an overgrowth of fungi in the vagina, such as an imbalance in the vaginal flora, a weakened immune system or inappropriate hygiene practices.

Genital herpes: Following an outbreak of genital herpes, slight flaking of the vulva may also be observed once the blisters have dried out.

If you experience flaking of the vulva, other symptoms may also be present. For example, you may notice or experience:

• Vulvar itching: This may be constant or recurrent and can disrupt daily life. Scratching can aggravate the irritation and cause cracks. 

• A burning sensation: There may be a burning sensation when passing urine or during sexual intercourse. 

• Redness: Sometimes the skin is red and may appear swollen, which is a sign of local inflammation.

• Discharge: Thick, whitish or even yellowish secretions may be discharged from the vagina. These have a lumpy appearance, like curdled milk, and indicate a fungal infection.

• A rash: Small blisters may appear in the case of eczema or genital herpes.

• Pain: In the case ofvulvar irritation, inflammation or vaginal dryness, contact may be painful, particularly during sexual intercourse.

If you experience flaking of the vulva that persists for several days, it is advisable to seek medical advice. This is particularly important if it is accompanied by other symptoms, such as itching or any other discomfort. You can consult your GP, a midwife or a gynaecologist. These specialists are trained in gynaecological conditions and will therefore be able to make an accurate diagnosis. During your appointment, the healthcare professional will begin by carrying out a clinical examination. If there is any doubt about the cause of the flaking, they may also prescribe further tests, such as:

• A swab test to check for an infection, such as a fungal infection

• A skin biopsy, if lichen sclerosus, lichen planus or another chronic skin condition is suspected

• Allergy tests if contact dermatitis is suspected

• Hormone tests, particularly during the menopause or postpartum period

Bear in mind that vulvar conditions are common and that you are not alone in suffering from them. Don’t just put up with your symptoms – speak to a healthcare professional to regain your intimate comfort.

The vulva is a sensitive area that deserves special attention to protect it from external irritants. By adopting certain daily habits, you can reduce the risk of irritation or infection.

1. Follow good intimate hygiene practices: Proper intimate hygiene is essential for looking after your vulva. To do this, choose a gentle cleanser and wash your vulva once a day. Avoid douching, as this disrupts the microbial flora. Finally, always wipe from front to back to prevent bacterial infection.

2. Avoid wearing trousers that are too tight: Clothing that fits very tightly, such as skinny jeans, promotes chafing, sweating and maceration. This can irritate the delicate skin of the vulva and increase the risk of yeast infections. Opt for comfortable clothing that allows your skin to breathe and does not cause repeated chafing.

3. Choose underwear made from natural fibres: Synthetic materials can create a warm, damp environment that’s conducive to irritation and infections. Opt instead for cotton, a soft, breathable fibre that’s gentle on the sensitive skin of the intimate area. These days, there are some really lovely ones available!

4. Choose hypoallergenic hygiene products: Whether it’s sanitary protection or intimate wash, opt for fragrance-free products formulated for sensitive skin. This will help you avoid the potentially allergenic substances found in many common hygiene products. Don’t hesitate to read the labels and avoid ingredient lists that go on and on.

5. Strengthen your intimate flora: The vaginal flora plays a vital role in protecting against infections. Many factors can cause an imbalance, particularly courses of antibiotics. To support it and restore its balance, you can take courses of gynaecological probiotics.

It’s not always easy to seek medical advice for problems affecting the genitals. However, don’t ignore troublesome symptoms such as itching, redness or flaking of the vulva. The sooner you seek treatment, the better your chances of regaining your intimate comfort. Indeed, some untreated conditions can lead to long-term complications. Don’t be afraid to seek medical advice, even for a symptom that seems minor to you.

Good intimate hygiene isn’t limited to local care, but also depends on what we eat and our lifestyle habits. Indeed, many factors can compromise the health of the vulva, such as an unbalanced diet, lack of sleep and stress. Adopting a healthy lifestyle on a daily basis is therefore essential for maintaining the balance of this sensitive area. At the same time, regular gynaecological check-ups are a good way of quickly detecting the onset of any potential problems.

Amandine is a writer specialising in natural health. Passionate about alternative medicine, she is currently training to become a naturopath. Through her articles, she shares her knowledge in an accessible way, helping readers explore simple ways to bring more balance and wellbeing into their everyday lives.