Guide to essential oils

Essential oil of Helichrysum Italicum (Immortelle)

Known for its ability to treat bumps and bruises, Helichrysum Italicum (or Immortelle) essential oil is traditionally used to treat minor injuries. Helichrysum Italicum essential oil also helps to even out skin prone to redness. As an astringent, it can be used in facial and body treatments to firm and soothe the skin. In psycho-energetic olfactotherapy, just like its action on the physical level, Helichrysum Italicum essential oil is used to help soothe injuries to the soul and heal emotional wounds.

Circulatory

Circulatory

How to use

  • Skin application and massage

    Skin application and massage

    Suitable

  • Diffusion

    Diffusion

    Possible but not recommended

  • Cosmetic active ingredient

    Cosmetic active ingredient

    Suitable

  • Aromatherapy bath

    Aromatherapy bath

    Possible but not recommended

  • Food grade

    Food grade

    Possible but not recommended

Features

Properties and uses

Precautions

Find out more

Features

Production process

Complete steam distillation

Part of the plant used

Flowering tops

Botanical name

Helichrysum italicum ssp italicum

Warning

The properties, information and methods of use below are quotes from reference books or websites on aromatherapy, hydrolatherapy and phytotherapy. This general information is provided for informative purposes only and in no way constitutes medical guidance. Under no circumstances can this information be used as a substitute for a medical diagnosis, consultation or follow-up, nor can it incur our liability. We recommend that you consult the guide to essential oils before using them, so that you are aware of any precautions that need to be taken. If in doubt, consult a doctor before using essential oils.

Properties and uses

Helichrysum Italicum (Immortelle) essential oil: benefits and uses is traditionally used for: Scarring, rosacea, arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatism, bruises, blows, bumps, haematomas, sprains, strains, bedsores, heavy legs, varicose veins, stretch marks, etc.

Health

Wellness

Beauty

Find out more

Helichrysum Italicum essential oil is indispensable for your natural first-aid kit. It is traditionally reputed to prevent the appearance of bruises and haematomas, or to encourage their absorption. As a tonic, it is a precious ally to varicose veins and heavy legs. It also has powerful anti-inflammatory properties and is recommended in aromatherapy to promote healing.

Properties

For health, Helichrysum Italicum essential oil is recognised for the following properties:

  • Very powerful anti-haematoma action, helping to limit the formation of haematomas and promote their resorption.

  • Anti-coagulant, anti-phlebitic, circulatory (stimulates blood circulation).

  • Anticatarrhal, mucolytic (clears bronchial tubes)

  • Anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic

  • Healing

  • Liver support

Uses

Helichrysum Italicum essential oil is traditionally used to improve the following:

  • External and internal haematomas, even old ones, trauma, blows, bruises, etc.

  • Varicose veins, oedema, blood circulation problems, heavy legs, Raynaud's disease

  • Varicosities, erythrosis, cyanosis

  • Wounds, eczema, psoriasis, acne rosacea

  • Arthritis, polyarthritis, rheumatism, tendonitis

  • Rhinitis, bronchitis, bronchial congestion

  • Dupuytren's contracture, carpal tunnel

  • Liver problems (on medical advice), hypercholesterolaemia

Synergies

  • Tonic, light legs: Mastic Tree and Mediterranean Cypress essential oils, tamanu oil.

  • Joint health: Lemon Eucalyptus and American Wintergreen essential oils, St John's wort macerated oil.

In practice

Tonic, light legs : Mix in your oil blend. Rub the mixture into the legs.

Respiratory health: Mix with your oil blend. Apply the mixture locally, rubbing it into the chest and upper back.

Soothes bruises and blows: Mix with your oil blend. Apply the mixture locally, massaging lightly into the affected area.

Precautions

Immortelle essential oil contains ketones, which are generally neurotoxic and abortifacient molecules. However, the type of ketone molecule (fairly non-toxic), the frequency of application (low) and the number of drops to be used (low) greatly reduce the risk of toxicity (Source: NARD).

However, the following precautions must be observed:

  • Do not use when pregnant or breastfeeding, on children under the age of 6, or on people suffering from epilepsy.

  • For internal use by therapists only, use as a cure only over a short period.

  • Avoid use by people taking anticoagulants.

  • Avoid contact with eyes.

  • Keep out of reach of children.

  • Certain natural compounds contained in this essential oil may present a risk of allergy for some sensitive individuals when the essential oil is incorporated into a cosmetic composition (in accordance with the 7th Amendment to the European Cosmetics Directive (2003/15/EC)): limonene and, to a lesser extent, linalool.

  • As a general rule, always carry out a test application of your mixture in the crease of the elbow at least 48 hours before using it.

Find out more

Helichrysum Italicum isa perennial plant typical of the Mediterranean region, growing in arid, sunny soils. It is characterised by its silvery, soft needle-like leaves on a stem covered in a light down, and above all by its small, golden-yellow flowers, which do not fade and are grouped together in flower heads. Its name comes from the Greek "helios", meaning sun, and "chrysos", meaning golden, in reference to its golden-yellow flowers. Its name "Immortelle" is said to be due to the exceptional longevity of its flowers, even in dry bouquets. Immortelle is renowned for its strong smell, reminiscent of curry.

Aromatherapy recipes from the bibliography

EO = Essential Oil VO = Carrier Oil or Macerated Oil

Old bruises (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingBlows and trauma

  • 5 ml Laurus nobilis essential oil (Bay Laurel)
  • 5 ml Cedrus atlantica essential oil (Atlas Cedar)
  • 5 ml Helichrysum Italicum essential oil (Immortelle)
  • 25 ml Calophyllum Inophylum oil (tamanu)
  • Supplement with 100 ml Triticum vulgare oil (Wheat Germ)

Directions for use: 2 to 3 applications a day, until clear improvement.

The older the haematoma, the longer the treatment. This does not, however, call into question the effectiveness of the treatment.

Haematomas, bruises (Aroma news - nard)

Health & wellbeingBlows and trauma

  • 3 ml Helichrysum Italicum essential oil (Immortelle)
  • 1 ml Laurus nobilis essential oil (Bay Laurel)
  • 1 ml Calophyllum inophyllum oil (tamanu)

Directions for use: A few drops, massaged very lightly into the haematoma and repeated as necessary.

Arthritis / sciatica in adults (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingMuscles and joints

  • 2 drops Immortelle essential oil
  • 1 drop of American Wintergreen essential oil
  • 1 drop of peppermint essential oil
  • 3 drops Lemon Eucalyptus essential oil
  • 1 drop Vetiver essential oil

Directions for use: apply 3 to 4 drops of the mixture locally to the painful area 3 to 4 times a day for 10 days.

Redness from acne (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • 0.5 ml Daucus carota (carrot) essential oil
  • 0.2 ml Helichrysum italicum (Immortelle) essential oil
  • 0.2 ml Pistacia lentiscus (Mastic Tree) essential oil
  • 0.1 ml Tanacetum annuum (Annual Tansy) essential oil
  • 0.2 ml Cistus ladanifer CT pinene (Gum Rockrose) essential oil
  • 3 ml Calendula officinalis (Calendula oil)
  • Supplement with 15 ml of Transcutol

Directions for use: 1 application morning and evening until clear improvement.

Aroma-Zone comment: Transcutol is a pharmaceutical preparation that is not widely used, which allows fatty substances such as essential oils to penetrate the skin easily. It can easily be replaced with a dry carrier oil such as Hazelnut, Candlenut or Macadamia oil.

Skin allergy: rash (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Camomille Noble (Roman chamomile) essential oil: 3 drops

  • 3 drops of Roman chamomile essential oil
  • 3 drops of Lemon Eucalyptus essential oil
  • 4 drops of Immortelle essential oil (Helichrysum italicum)
  • 90 drops Calendula macerated oil

Directions for use: 4 to 10 drops depending on the extent of the skin reaction, 3 to 5 times a day depending on the extent and need, until healed (2 to 3 days).

Scar (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • 1 drop Immortelle essential oil
  • 1 drop Rosemary Verbenone essential oil
  • 2 drops Rosehip oil

Directions for use: topical application

Problematic skin healing, atonic wounds (Aroma news - nard)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • 0.5 ml Helichrysum italicum essential oil (Immortelle)
  • 0.5 ml Cistus ladaniferus CT pinene essential oil (Gum Rockrose)
  • 0.5 ml Lavandula spica essential oil (Spike lavender)
  • 0.3 ml Commiphora molmol essential oil (Myrrh)
  • 0.2 ml Aniba rosaeodora essential oil (Rosewood)
  • 5 ml Argan oil
  • 5 ml Evening Primrose Oil
  • Supplement with 15 ml Wheat Germ Oil

Directions for use: 3 topical applications per day

Couperose (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • 2 drops of Provençal Cypress essential oil
  • 1 drop of Helichrysum Italicum essential oil (Helichrysum)
  • 2 drops of Gum Rockrose essential oil
  • 4 drops of Egyptian Rose Geranium essential oil
  • 4 drops of tamanu carrier oil

Use: Apply 3 drops of the mixture topically in the morning and evening until you see a noticeable improvement.

Pressure sores and other bed sores (under medical supervision) (Aroma news - nard)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • 3 ml Helichrysum Italicum essential oil (Immortelle)
  • 2 ml Cupressus sempervirens essential oil (Cypress)
  • 3 ml Cistus ladaniferus CT pinene essential oil (Gum Rockrose)
  • 3 ml Pistacia lentiscus essential oil (Mastic Tree)
  • 3 ml Laurus nobilis essential oil (Bay Laurel)
  • 5 ml Commiphora molmol essential oil (Myrrh)
  • 2 ml Tanacetum annuum essential oil (Annual Tansy)
  • 10 ml Lavandula spica essential oil (Spike lavender)
  • 50 ml Argan oil
  • 50 ml Evening Primrose Oil
  • 100 g Thyme or Chestnut honey
  • 570 g Green Clay
  • Between 180 and 250 ml to obtain the ideal consistency of Wheatgerm Oil.

Directions for use: 1 local application morning and evening, cover with an occlusive dressing Before each new application, clean to remove any remnants of the previous treatment. Keep the preparation in a cool place (refrigerator door).

Stretch marks on the breasts - curative treatment - not suitable during pregnancy or while breastfeeding (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • 2 ml Helichrysum Italicum essential oil (Immortelle)
  • 2 ml Cistus ladinferus CT pinene essential oil (Gum rockrose)
  • 3 ml Myrtus communis CT cineole essential oil (Myrtle cineole)
  • 3 ml Egyptian Geranium Pelargonium x asperum CV essential oil (Rose Geranium)
  • 3 ml Aniba rosaeodora (rosewood) essential oil
  • 10 ml Argania spinosa oil (Argan)
  • Supplement with 30 ml of Rosa rubiginosa oil (Rosehip)

Directions for use: 1 local application morning and evening by "pinching" the stretch mark (pulling it edge to edge).

Bruising in children (over 6 years and on medical advice) (D. Festy)

Health & wellbeingChildren's medical care

  • 4 ml Helichrysum Italicum essential oil
  • 6 ml Arnica oil

Directions for use: Place 3 or more drops of the mixture on the affected area 3 to 5 times a day for 2 to 3 days. Massage lightly.

Sprain (in children aged over 6 and on medical advice) (D. Festy)

Health & wellbeingChildren's medical care

  • 2 ml Helichrysum Italicum essential oil
  • 2 ml of Lemon eucalyptus essential oil
  • 2 ml Bay Laurel essential oil
  • 10 ml Qs Arnica oil

Directions for use: Apply 5 to 6 drops locally 3 or 4 times a day for 2 to 3 days.

Directions for use

Varicose veins (on medical advice) (P. Franchomme)

Health & wellbeingCirculatory disorders

  • 1 ml Pistacia lentiscus (mastic tree) essential oil
  • 1 ml Helichrysum italicum essential oil (Immortelle)
  • 2 ml Melaleuca quinquenervia CT cineole essential oil (Niaouli)
  • 3 ml Cupressus sempervirens essential oil (Mediterranean Cypress)
  • 5 ml Calophyllum Inophylum oil (tamanu)
  • Supplement with 100 g Gel

Directions for use: 2 to 3 applications per day locally for 20 days.

Equivalents

Essential Oils

1 ml = approximately 35 drops (with our Aroma-Zone dropper caps)

Carrier oils

1 pump (Aroma-Zone aluminium pump) = approx. 0.15 ml

Mass / Volume conversion (for a liquid)

Mass (g) = Density x Volume (ml) at 20°C

Further information

1 full teaspoon = between 3 and 4.5 ml

1 full tablespoon = between 7.5 and 10 ml


However, these spoon ratios depend on a number of factors (e.g. viscosity of the liquid, temperature, depth and size of the spoon, rheological behaviour of the liquid), and we strongly advise you to use precise measuring equipment, such as graduated test tubes, graduated pipettes, and precision scales.

Aromatherapy recipes from the bibliography

EO = Essential Oil VO = Carrier Oil or Macerated Oil

Redness from acne (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • Daucus carota essential oil (carrot): 0.5 ml

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil: 0.2 ml

  • Pistacia lentiscus essential oil (mastic tree): 0.2 ml

  • Tanacetum annuum essential oil (blue tansy): 0.1 ml

  • Cistus ladaniferus CT pinene essential oil (gum rockrose): 0.2 ml

  • Calendula officinalis OV (marigold): 3 ml

  • Transcutol: add up to 15 ml extra for blend consistency

Use: 1 application morning and evening until clear improvement.

Aroma-Zone comment: Transcutol is a pharmaceutical blend that is not widely used and allows fats such as essential oils to penetrate the skin easily. It can easily be replaced by a dry carrier oil such as hazelnut, kukui or macadamia oil.

Scar (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • Immortelle essential oil 1 drop

  • Rosemary verbenone essential oil 1 drop

  • Rosehip OIL 2 drops

Use : applied locally

Rosacea (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • Provençal cypress essential oil 2 drops

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil (Immortelle) - 1 drop

  • Cistus ladanifera essential oil - 2 drops

  • Egyptian Rose essential oil - 4 drops

  • Calophyll Inophyl oil - 4 drops

Use : 3 drops of the mixture applied topically morning and evening until a noticeable improvement is seen.

Old bruises (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingBlows and trauma

  • Laurus nobilis (Bay Laurel) essential oil: 5 ml

  • Cedrus atlantica essential oil (Atlas Cedar): 5 ml

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil (Immortelle): 5 ml

  • Calophyllum Inophylum oil (Calophylla): 25 ml

  • Triticum vulgare oil (Wheat germ): 100 ml make-up

Use: 2 to 3 applications a day, until clear improvement.

The older the bruise, the longer the treatment should last. This does not, however, call into question the efficacy of the treatment.

Stretch marks on the breasts - curative treatment - Pregnancy and breastfeeding excluded (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil: 2 ml

  • Cistus ladinferus CT pinene (gum rockrose) essential oil: 2 ml

  • Myrtus communis CT cinerose (cineole myrtle) essential oil: 3 ml

  • Pelargonium x asperum CV Egyptian geranium (rose geranium) essential oil: 3 ml

  • Aniba rosaeodora (rosewood) essential oil: 3 ml

  • Argania spinosa (argan) carrier oil 10 ml

  • Rosa rubiginosa (sweet briar) carrier oil: add up to 30 ml extra as required for product optimisation

Use: 1 local application morning and evening by "pinching" the stretch mark (align edge to edge).

Difficult skin healing, sluggish wounds (Aroma News - NARD)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • Cistus ladaniferus CT pinene (gum rockrose) essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • Lavandula spica (spike lavender) essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • Commiphora molmol (myrrh) essential oil: 0.3 ml

  • Aniba rosaeodora (rosewood) essential oil: 0.2 ml

  • Argan carrier oil: 5 ml

  • Evening primrose carrier oil: 5 ml

  • Wheatgerm carrier oil: add up to 15 ml extra as required for product optimisation

Use: 3 topical applications per day

Pressure sores and other bed sores (under medical supervision) (Aroma News - NARD)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil: 3 ml

  • Cupressus sempervirens (cypress) essential oil: 2 ml

  • Cistus ladaniferus CT pinene (gum rockrose) essential oil: 3 ml

  • Pistacia lentiscus (mastic tree) essential oil: 3 ml

  • Laurus nobilis (bay laurel) essential oil: 3 ml

  • Commiphora molmol (myrrh) essential oil: 5 ml

  • Tanacetum annuum (blue tansy) essential oil: 2 ml

  • Lavandula spica (spike lavender) essential oil: 10 ml

  • Argan carrier oil: 50 ml

  • Evening primrose carrier oil: 50 ml

  • Thyme or chestnut honey: 100 g

  • Green clay: 570 g

  • Wheatgerm carrier oil: between 180 and 250 ml to obtain a paste of the ideal consistency

Use: 1 topical application morning and evening, cover with an occlusive dressing

Before each new application, cleanse to remove any remnants of the previous application. Keep the mixture in a cool place (fridge door)

.

Varicose veins (on medical advice) (P. Franchomme)

Health & wellbeingCirculatory disorders

  • Pistacia lentiscus essential oil (Mastic tree): 1 ml

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil (Immortelle): 1 ml

  • Melaleuca quinquenervia CT cineole essential oil (Niaouli): 2 ml

  • Cupressus sempervirens essential oil (Mediterranean Cypress): 3 ml

  • Calophyllum Inophylum oil (tamanu): 5 ml

  • Gel: 100 g

Directions for use: 2 to 3 applications per day on the affected area for 20 days.

Arthritis / sciatica in adults (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingMuscles and joints

  • Helichrysum essential oil: 2 drops

  • American wintergreen essential oil: 1 drop

  • Peppermint essential oil: 1 drop

  • Lemon eucalyptus essential oil: 3 drops

  • Vetiver essential oil: 1 drop

Use: 3 to 4 drops of the mixture applied locally to the painful area 3 to 4 times a day for 10 days.

Haematomas, bruising (Aroma News - NARD)

Health & wellbeingBlows and trauma

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil (Immortelle): 3 ml

  • Laurus nobilis essential oil (bay laurel): 1 ml

  • Calophyllum inophyllum oil (Calophylla): 1 ml

Directions for use: massage a few drops very lightly into the bruise and repeat as necessary.

Bruising in children (over 6 years and on medical advice) (D. Festy)

Health & wellbeingChildren's medical care

  • Helichrysum Italicum essential oil: 4 ml

  • Arnica oil: 6 ml

Directions for use: Place 3 or more drops of the mixture on the affected area 3 to 5 times a day for 2 to 3 days. Massage gently.

Sprain (in children aged over 6 and on medical advice) (D. Festy)

Health & wellbeingChildren's medical care

  • Helichrysum Italicum essential oil: 2 ml

  • Lemon Eucalyptus essential oil: 2 ml

  • Bay Laurel essential oil: 2 ml

  • Arnica oil: 10 ml Qs

Directions for use: Apply 5 to 6 drops locally 3 or 4 times a day for 2 to 3 days.

Skin allergy: rash (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • Chamomile (Roman) essential oil: 3 drops

  • Lemon eucalyptus essential oil: 3 drops

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil: 4 drops

  • Calendula macerated oil: 90 drops

Directions for use: 4 to 10 drops, depending on the extent of the skin reaction, 3 to 5 times a day, until healed (2 to 3 days).

Wasp or jellyfish stings (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingVarious

  • Lavandula latifolia spica essential oil (spike lavender): 1 ml

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil: 1 ml

  • Calendula officinalis (marigold) carrier oil: 3 ml

Use: Apply immediately and continue to pat in regularly (every 15 seconds) for the first two minutes, then every 1/4 hour for the next two hours, then apply 4 times a day.

Rosacea (C. Clergeaud)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • Calophyllum inophyllum carrier oil: 40 ml

  • Rose hip carrier oil: 40 ml

  • Calendula oil: 20 ml

  • Mastic tree essential oil: 4 drops

  • Rosewood or chamomile essential oil: 4 drops

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil: 6 drops

Directions: Mix all the ingredients

Use: Apply gently morning and evening to the affected areas.

Sunburn in children (over 6 years of age and on medical advice) (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingChildren's medical care

Liquid form (oily)

  • Spike lavender essential oil: 2 ml

  • Annual Tansy essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • helichrysum essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • Wheat germ carrier oil: 10 ml

  • Argan carrier oil: 5 ml

  • Calophyll carrier oil: 5 ml

  • Calendula carrier oil: 15 ml

  • St John's wort oil: 50 ml

Aroma-Zone Note: St John's wort macerated oil presents a risk of photosensitisation. Do not expose yourself to the sun after applying this mixture Use: 1 local application 3 to 4 times a day for 4 to 5 days.

Sunburn over a limited area (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • Spike lavender essential oil: 3 ml

  • Helichrysum italicum essential oil: 1 ml

  • Egyptian rose geranium essential oil: 2 ml

  • St John's wort essential oil: add up to 15 ml extra as required for product optimisation

  • Argan oil: 30 ml

Use: 3 topical applications a day until completely healed Aroma-Zone note: St John's wort macerated oil carries a risk of photosensitivity. Do not expose skin to the sun after applying this mixture.

Lichen planus (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Liquid form (oily)

  • Ravintsara essential oil: 1 ml

  • True Lavender essential oil: 1 ml

  • Helichrysum essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • Blue Tansy essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • Rosehip carrier oil: 5 ml

  • Argan carrier oil: 10 ml

  • St John's wort carrier oil: 30ml

Aroma-Zone Note: St John's wort macerated oil presents a risk of photosensitisation. Do not expose your skin to the sun after applying this mixture. Use: Apply locally 3 times a day until you see improvement.

Atopic eczema (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Solid form (cream)

  • Peppermint essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • Blue tansy essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • Katafray essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • Helichrysum essential oil: 1 ml

  • Evening primrose oil: 5 ml

  • Argan oil: 5 ml

  • Calendula oil: 5 ml

  • Eucerin pH5 (or shea butter): add up to 100 g as required for product optimisation

Use: 2 to 3 topical applications a day until noticeable improvement.

Contact eczema (D. Baudoux)

Health & wellbeingSkin problems

  • Immortelle essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • True Lavender essential oil: 0.5 ml

  • Roman chamomile essential oil: 0.3 ml

  • Myrrh essential oil: 0.2 ml

  • Tamanu carrier oil: 5 ml

  • Argan oil: 15 ml

Use: 4 local applications a day until complete improvement.

Bibliography

1

'Huiles essentielles - 2000 ans de découvertes aromathérapeutiques pour une médecine d'avenir'

Dominique Baudoux

2

'Aromathérapie' Éditions Maloine

Dr Jean Valnet

3

'L'Aromathérapie exactement'

P. Franchomme and Dr D. Pénoël

4

'La bible de l'aromathérapie'

Nerys Purchon

5

'L'ABC des huiles essentielles'

Dr Telphon

6

'Aromatherapy'

Nelly Grosjean

7

'Les huiles essentielles pour votre santé'

G. Roulier

8

'Les cahiers pratiques de l'aromathérapie française - Pédiatrie'

Dominique Baudoux

9

Aroma-News newsletters

NARD Association

10

'Aromatherapy - Healing with essential oils'

Dominique Baudoux

11

"L'aromathérapie énergétique - Guérir avec l'âme des plantes"

Lydia Bosson and Guénolée Dietz

12

"Les huiles essentielles corses"

Christian Escriva

13

http://www.aromalium.com