Chinese cinnamon essential oil: properties and uses

Guide to essential oils

Known for its powerful purifying and stimulating properties, this oil is a firm favourite, especially when travelling far afield. As an aphrodisiac and positivity booster, it is also known to stimulate the mind and body.

How to use

Skin application and massage
Possible but not recommended
Cosmetic active ingredient
Aromatherapy bath
Diffusion
Possible but not recommended
Food grade
Suitable

Features

Properties and uses

Precautions

Find out more

Features

Production process

Complete steam distillation

Part of the plant used

Leaves, twigs and branches

Botanical name

Cinnamomum cassia

Warning

The properties, information and methods of use below are quotes from reference books or websites on aromatherapy, hydrolatherapy and phytotherapy. This general information is provided for informative purposes only and in no way constitutes medical guidance. Under no circumstances can this information be used as a substitute for a medical diagnosis, consultation or follow-up, nor can it incur our liability. We recommend that you consult the guide to essential oils before using them, so that you are aware of any precautions that need to be taken. If in doubt, consult a doctor before using essential oils.

Properties and uses

Chinese Cinnamon Essential Oil is traditionally used for: Intestinal worms

Health

Wellness

Fragrance

Kitchen

Find out more, etc.

Very rich in cinnamaldehyde with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, Chinese Cinnamon essential oil is used in aromatherapy to combat all kinds of infections. It is very powerful and is traditionally recommended for use in cases of infectious diarrhoea, turista, parasitosis or to combat urinary tract infections.

Properties

Chinese cinnamon essential oil is recognised for its health benefits:

Combats intestinal fermentation
Tonic, immunity booster
An anti-coagulant, Chinese cinnamon essential oil inhibits platelet aggregation (in-vitro study).

... as well as a

Uterine tonic, stimulating the onset of menstruation

Uses

Cinnamon Bark essential oil is traditionally used to improve the following conditions:

Gastrointestinal infections: diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, travellers' diarrhoea, parasitosis, etc.
Urinary tract and gynaecological infections: cystitis, urethritis, vaginitis
Oral and skin infections: fungal infections, ringworm, scabies, etc.
Tropical fevers (as prevention)
Absent or irregular periods
Verrucas

Synergies

General purifying action: Oregano, Clove and Savory essential oils.
Skin parasites: Tea tree, Niaouli, Clove essential oils
Mite repellent: Japanese Cedar, Bay Laurel essential oils
Verrucas: Garlic, Savory essential oils

Tonic and stimulating, Chinese cinnamon essential oil warms both the body andmind. Long known as an aphrodisiac, especially for men, it helps to stimulate feelings of warmth. It is recommended for use as a vapour or in localised massages (always use highly diluted), in cases of fatigue, loss of energy or emotional distancing.

Properties

In well-being, Cinnamon bark essential oil is known for the following properties:

A physical and mental stimulant
A sexual tonic, cinnamon bark essential oil has been used for thousands of years for its aphrodisiac properties, mainly for men.
Brings sensuality to couples and combats coldness.
Develops human warmth.
Helps overcome distrust, harshness and isolation following disappointment. Cinnamon is yang in nature and, according to the Taoists, nourishes the vital principle.

Uses

Deep fatigue, weakness, low morale
Erectile dysfunction, frigidity, lack of desire, decreased libido
Feelings of isolation and loneliness

In practice

Sensual awakening massage: Mix in your oil blend. Massage a few drops along the spine and lower back.

Chinese cinnamon essential oil is popular for making spicy or ambery, Eastern fragrances, thanks to its sophisticated, warm, woody scent.

Properties

In perfumery, Chinese cinnamon essential oil is recognised for the following properties:

It has a warm, sophisticated, woody fragrance.

Uses

Creation of spicy fragrances
Composition of oriental fragrances

Synergies

To prepare your fragrances and perfume cream preparations: Nutmeg, Turmeric, Bergamot, Orange Essential Oils

In practice

Perfuming active ingredient: mix up to 0.06% in your perfuming hydroalcoholic preparations (perfumes, eaux de toilette, etc.) and your perfuming cream compositions.

Cinnamon Bark essential oil is widely used in cooking, to add a warm, spicy flavour to both savoury and sweet dishes. Extremely powerful, it should be used sparingly (generally 1 drop is enough for several people) and should always be dispersed in a fatty or syrupy substance. It is particularly well known for the following uses:

Flavouring gingerbread, often combined with other essential oils such as ginger.
Preparing a spiced syrup or spiced rum
Combining with orange vegetables such as carrots in soups, purées and cream soups
Spicing up meat dishes (lamb, poultry)
Combining with fruit in cakes, tarts and crumbles: apples, plums, etc. or in fruit salads with citrus fruits in particular (oranges, grapefruit, etc.)

Read our summary article " Aromatherapy and cosmetics - Use of essential oils " to find out more about our pictograms and the different ways essential oils are used.

Precautions

As it is dermocaustic, do not apply undiluted to the skin. Use strongly diluted in your blends for cutaneous use. Use with caution on sensitive or allergic skin. Do not use on people allergic to cinnamon.
Do not use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, or on children.
Internal use limited to short treatments in limited doses. Do not use for prolonged periods without medical advice.
Atmospheric diffusion of cinnamon essential oil alone is not recommended as it contains a high concentration of cinnamaldehyde and may cause irritation of the respiratory tract. For diffusion, we recommend using a maximum of 5-10% , blended with milder essential oils (Orange, Lemon, grapefruit, etc.).
Not recommended for people taking anticoagulant medication or with coagulation disorders.
Keep out of reach of children.
Certain natural compounds contained in this essential oil may present a risk of allergy in some sensitive individuals when the essential oil is incorporated into a cosmetic composition (according to the 7th Amendment to the European Cosmetics Directive (2003/15/EC)): cinnamaldehyde and, to a lesser extent, (E)-cinnamyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate.
As a general rule, always carry out a test application of your preparation in the crease of the elbow at least 48 hours before using it.

Download the general precautions and read before using essential oils

Find out more

Cinnamon has been exported from the Orient for 4,000 years. Renowned for its fortifying and purifying properties, its presence is mentioned in traditional Chinese pharmacopoeia written 2,700 years ago. Cinnamon is also found in the Bible as part of the "sacred balm" . Since then, it has become a "must-have" and, according to the Taoists, is the key to immortality.

Equivalents

Essential Oils

1 ml = approximately 35 drops (with our Aroma-Zone dropper caps)

Carrier oils

1 pump (Aroma-Zone aluminium pump) = approx. 0.15 ml

Mass / Volume conversion (for a liquid)

Mass (g) = Density x Volume (ml) at 20°C

Further information

1 full teaspoon = between 3 and 4.5 ml

1 full tablespoon = between 7.5 and 10 ml

However, these spoon ratios depend on a number of factors (e.g. viscosity of the liquid, temperature, depth and size of the spoon, rheological behaviour of the liquid), and we strongly advise you to use precise measuring equipment, such as graduated test tubes, graduated pipettes, and precision scales.

Aromatherapy recipes from the bibliography

EO = Essential Oil VO = Carrier Oil or Macerated Oil

2 drops Bay Laurel essential oil
2 drops Palmarosa essential oil
1 drop True lavender essential oil
2 drops Saro (Mandravasarotra) essential oil
2 drops Chinese cinnamon essential oil

Directions for use: 2 to 3 drops of the mixture on the nail condition 3 times a day for 3 weeks or until clear improvement

Aroma-Zone Note: Chinese Cinnamon essential oil has the same properties as Sri Lankan Cinnamon Bark essential oil and can therefore be substituted for it.

1 drop Chinese cinnamon essential oil
1 drop of Mountain Savory essential oil
1 drop Mandarin essential oil
2 drops Lemon essential oil

Directions for use: 1 drop of the mixture on the verruca morning and evening

Aroma-Zone Note: Mandarin and Lemon essential oils are photosensitising, so do not expose yourself to the sun after applying this mixture. Chinese Cinnamon essential oil has the same properties as Sri Lankan Cinnamon Bark essential oil and can therefore be used instead.

Oregano Compactum essential oil: 1 ml
Juniper essential oil: 1 ml
Chinese Cinnamon essential oil: 1 ml
Clove essential oil: 1 ml
Mountain Savory essential oil: 1 ml

Directions for use: Apply one drop of this mixture on a cotton bud to the verruca and cover with a small bandage. Leave on all day. Repeat 2 times a day after washing, for 2 to 3 weeks, until the wart disappears

Aroma-Zone Note: Chinese Cinnamon essential oil has the same properties as Sri Lankan Cinnamon Bark essential oil and can therefore be substituted for it.

Origanum Compactum essential oil: 1 ml
Cinnamomum verum essential oil (Cinnamon bark): 0.5 ml
Artemesia draculuncus essential oil (Tarragon): 3 ml
Citrus aurantium leaf (Petitgrain): 4 ml
Mentha piperita essential oil (Peppermint): 1 ml
Plant oil (hazelnut): 20 ml

Directions for use: 8 drops of the mixture applied 3 times a day to the lower abdomen and back.

Aroma-Zone Note: Sri Lankan Cinnamon Bark essential oil has the same properties as Chinese Cinnamon essential oil and can therefore be substituted for it.

0.2% Cinnamomum cassia essential oil
0.3% Ocimum basilicum essential oil
0.3% Pinus sylvestris essential oil
99.2% hazelnut oil

Directions for use: Apply three drops of this saliva-stimulating and vasodilating blend topically by the mouth, twice a day. "Les cahiers pratiques d'aromathérapie selon l'école française volume 4 - Soins palliatifs" by Dominique Baudoux p.128

Aroma-Zone Note: Chinese Cinnamon essential oil has the same properties as Sri Lankan Cinnamon Bark essential oil and can therefore be substituted for it.

Ginger essential oil: 2 ml
Black Spruce essential oil: 1 ml
Chinese Cinnamon essential oil: 1 ml
Rosewood essential oil: 5 ml
Ylang Ylang essential oil: 1 ml

Directions for use: this synergy is for diffusing. It can also be used to make a massage oil by diluting 5% of the essential oils in a carrier oil. Carry out this well-being massage all along the back, mainly on either side of the spine. Avoid contact with mucous membranes

Aroma-Zone Note: Chinese Cinnamon essential oil has the same properties as Sri Lankan Cinnamon Bark essential oil and can therefore be substituted for it.

"Femininity"

Rosewood essential oil: 1/2 teaspoon
Mandarin or Orange essential oil: 1 teaspoon
Geranium essential oil: 1/2 teaspoon
Petitgrain essential oil: 20 drops
Patchouli essential oil: 10 drops
Cinnamon bark essential oil: 10 drops

Directions for use: - Spray a little of the mixture into the air before going to bed - Pour the mixture into a diffuser and leave to diffuse for 15 minutes before going to bed - Pour a few drops onto a piece of cotton wool to place under pillows or under the bed - Moisten 2 paper handkerchiefs with 1 to 3 drops of the mixture, place in a sachet and put under pillowcases - To perfume a cupboard, use cotton wool soaked in the mixture

Aroma-Zone Note: Sri Lankan Cinnamon Bark essential oil has the same properties as Chinese Cinnamon essential oil and can therefore be substituted for it.

2 drops Niaouli essential oil
1 drop Chinese cinnamon essential oil
2 drops Lemon essential oil
2 drops Java Citronella essential oil
2 drops Menthol Eucalyptus essential oil
2 drops Patchouli essential oil
4 drops hazelnut oil

Directions for use: apply 8 to 12 drops locally as a penetrating massage 2 to 3 times a day

Aroma-Zone Note: Chinese Cinnamon essential oil has the same properties as Sri Lankan Cinnamon Bark essential oil and can therefore be substituted for it. Lemon essential oil is photosensitising. Do not expose to the sun after application. You can replace it with furocoumarin free Lemon essential oil, which is not phototoxic.

Serves 4

500 g lamb shoulder, pre-chopped (or ask your butcher to do it for you)
250 g wholegrain basmati rice
2 eggs
2 medium onions
1 garlic clove
1 lime
15 sprigs of flat-leaf parsley
50 g breadcrumbs
2 tablespoons olive oil
salt and freshly ground pepper
1 drop cinnamon essential oil
1 drop of rosemary essential oil
1 drop basil essential oil

Method: Peel and chop the onions and garlic and sauté in 1 tablespoon of olive oil. Combine with the minced meat, chopped parsley, eggs and breadcrumbs. Add the cinnamon and rosemary essential oils and season with salt and pepper. Leave to rest in the fridge for 1 hour. Cook the wholegrain basmati rice in salted water with 2 drops of basil essential oil, according to the cooking time indicated on the packet. Drain and keep warm. Preheat the oven to 240°C (gas mark 8). Form meatballs and thread onto wooden skewers. Place them on an oven tray lined with aluminium foil, drizzle with olive oil, slide into the oven and bake for 15 minutes. Serve with lime wedges and rice.

Serves 4

1 free-range guinea fowl
1 kg cooked beetroot
4 shallots
1 medium onion
3 tablespoons olive oil
1 tablespoon cider vinegar
1 tablespoon crème fraîche
1/2 glass white wine
salt and freshly ground pepper
2 drops cinnamon essential oil
1 drop of oregano essential oil
2 drops petitgrain essential oil

Method: Heat 1 tablespoon of olive oil in a casserole dish and brown the guinea fowl on all sides over a medium heat. Add the peeled shallots, halved or quartered lengthways (depending on size). Season with salt and pepper, add the cinnamon and oregano essential oils and the white wine, cover and cook over a low heat for 30 minutes, turning the guinea fowl over from time to time. Half remove the lid and leave to cook for a further 15 minutes.

Meanwhile, peel and chop the onion and fry for 5 minutes in 2 tablespoons of olive oil. Peel the beetroot and mix with the onion, vinegar, petitgrain essential oil, crème fraîche, salt and pepper.

Reheat over a low heat without cooking. Serve with the guinea fowl.

Serves 8 - Preparation: 20 minutes - Cooking time: 50 minutes.

300 g acacia honey
250 g wholemeal flour
50 g almond powder
10 ml lotion
1 egg
20 g butter for the tin
1 sachet yeast
1 drop of ginger essential oil (Zingiber officinalis)
1 drop of cinnamon bark essential oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
1 drop of clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum)
1 drop of Anise essential oil (Pimpinella anisum)
1 drop of Lemon essential oil (Citrus limomum)
2 drops of Sweet Orange essential oil (Citrus sinensis)
1 drop of grapefruit essential oil (Citrus paradisi)

Method: Preheat the oven to 170°C (gas mark 5-6). Gently heat the lotion and acacia honey, then remove from the heat as soon as it comes to the first boil. Mix the flour and baking powder in a bowl. Then add the almond powder. Mix well and make a well. Gradually pour in the lotion and acacia honey mixed with the essential oils, stirring constantly with a spoon. Finish by adding the egg. Butter the tin, pour in the batter and bake for around 50 minutes.

Serves 4 - Preparation: 25 minutes - Cooking time: 15 minutes - Steeping time: 2 hours

3 oranges
2 pink grapefruits
1 mango
1 Victoria pineapple
1 lemon
1 lime
1 papaya
40 g caster sugar
13 ml orange juice
3 ml lemon juice
1 tbsp acacia honey
1 vanilla pod
1 drop star anise essential oil
1 drop of nutmeg essential oil
1 drop cinnamon bark essential oil
(you can also replace the spice essential oils with citrus essential oils)

Directions: Peel the oranges, grapefruits and lemons. Cut into quarters. Peel the mango and papaya, and peel the pineapple. Cut into strips. Place the orange juice, caster sugar, split vanilla pod, orange juice and lemon juice in a saucepan. Bring to the boil. Remove from the heat and leave to infuse for two hours. Strain. Add the essential oils mixed with a tablespoon of acacia honey, stirring well. Mix the juice with the fruit.

Directions for use: Serves 4 - Preparation time: 15 minutes - Cooking time: 15 minutes

4 lobster halves
2 tablespoons olive oil
3 mangoes
1 golden apple
100ml amber rum
1 drop of cinnamon bark essential oil
2 drops of Litsea Cubeba essential oil
1 drop of Lemon essential oil
Sesame seeds
Acacia honey

Directions: Pre-cook the lobsters in boiling water for 3 minutes. Peel and chop the apple and mangoes. Cover and cook over a low heat with 2 tablespoons of olive oil until you obtain a purée. Add the Litsea Cubeba essential oil mixed with 1 tbsp acacia honey and stir well. Barbecue the lobsters over red-hot coals for 2 minutes on each side, starting with the shell side. Remove the lobster from the heat and flambé with the rum. Mix the remaining olive oil with the cinnamon bark essential oil. Place the shell side down on the grill for 1 minute and spread the flavoured olive oil over the lobster. Serve with the compote and a green salad.

Bibliography

Hoi-Seon Lee and Young-Joon Ahn Growth-Inhibiting Effects of Cinnamomum cassia Bark-Derived Materials on Human Intestinal Bacteria J. Agric. Food Chem, 1998, 46 (1), 8-12

Ooi LS, Li Y, Kam SL, Wang H, Wong EY, Ooi VE. Antimicrobial activities of cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde from the Chinese medicinal herb Cinnamomum cassia Blume. Am J Chin Med. 2006, 34(3), 511-22.

DE BILLERBECK V.-G. Essential oils and antibiotic-resistant bacteria Phytotherapy. 2007, 5(5), 249-253

R. Giordani, P. Regli, J. Kaloustian, H. Portugal Potentiation of antifungal activity of amphotericin B by essential oil from Cinnamomum cassia Phytotherapy Research, 2006, 20(1), 58 - 61

Pawar VC, Thaker VS. In vitro efficacy of 75 essential oils against Aspergillus niger. Mycoses. 2006, 49(4), 316-23.

Lee, H.S Anticoagulant Properties of the Active Compound Derived from Cinnamomum cassia Bark Food Science and Biotechnology, 2007, 16(2), 218-222

Jingqun Huang, Siwang Wang, Xiaoxing Luo, Yanhua Xie, and Xinyou Shi Cinnamaldehyde reduction of platelet aggregation and thrombosis in rodents Thrombosis Research, 2007, 119(3), 337-342CHAO

Louis Kuoping ; HUA Kuo-Feng ; HSU Hsien-Yeh ; CHENG Sen-Sung ; LIN I-Fan ; CHEN Chia-Jung ; CHEN Shui-Tein ; CHANG Shang-Tzen Cinnamaldehyde inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion from monocytes/macrophages through suppression of intracellular signaling Food and chemical toxicology, 2008, 46(1), 220-231

Chang KS, Tak JH, Kim SI, Lee WJ, Ahn YJ. Repellency of Cinnamomum cassia bark compounds and cream containing cassia oil to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory and indoor conditions. Pest Manag Sci. 2006, 62(11), 1032-8.

"L'aromathérapie - Se soigner par les huiles essentielles"

Dominique Baudoux - Editions Amyris

Aroma-News newsletters from the NARD association

"L’aromathérapie" by Nelly Grosjean

'Cuisiner avec les huiles essentielles et les eaux florales'

Emmanuel and Valérie Cupillard

"La bible de l'Aromathérapie" by N. Purchon

"L'aromathérapie énergétique" by L. Bosson

'La cuisine aux huiles essentielles - Des recettes saines et créatives'

Aymeric Pataud

"Les huiles essentielles culinaires" by Ariane Erligmann

"Les merveilles du bicarbonate de soude" by Lise Soto

'Saveurs et bien-être - la cuisine aux huiles essentielles' by Nathalie Le Foll and Beatriz Da Costa

http://www.ptitchef.com/recettes/dessert/gateau-aux-pommes-a-l-amaretto-et-a-l-huile-essentielle-de-cannelle-fid-53970

http://www.topsante.com/nutrition-et-recettes/equilibre-alimentaire/astuces-cuisine/comment-utiliser-les-huiles-essentielles-en-cuisine-9780

http://www.marmiton.org/magazine/tendances-gourmandes_cuisine-aux-huiles-essentielles_3.aspx

Essential oil of Chinese cinnamon

How to use

Features

Properties and uses

In practice

In practice

Precautions

Find out more

Equivalents

Aromatherapy recipes from the bibliography

Cystitis (T. Telphon)
Health & wellbeingUrinary issues

Fungal infection of the nails (D. Baudoux)
Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Verruca (D. Baudoux)
Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Warts (D. Festy)
Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Infectious diarrhoea (Aroma News - NARD)
Health & wellbeingDigestive problems

Low saliva production (hyposialia) - dry mouth (D. Baudoux)
Health & wellbeingMouth care

Erectile dysfunction (Aroma News - NARD)
Health & wellbeingLow energy, fatigue

Aphrodisiac (D. Baudoux)
Wellness

Aphrodisiac oil (N. Grosjean)
Wellness

"Joy" bath oil (N. Purchon)
Wellness

Fragrance blend to diffuse in the bedroom (N. Purchon)
Wellness

Cellulite (D. Baudoux)
BeautyBody care

Lamb kofta with basil rice (N. Le Foll and B. Da Costa)
Kitchen

Guinea fowl roasted with cinnamon, beetroot purée with petitgrain (N. Le Foll and B. Da Costa)
Kitchen

Cinnamon Rum (A. Erligmann)
Kitchen

Citrus gingerbread (A. Pataud)
Kitchen

Spicy fresh fruit salad (A. Pataud)
Kitchen

Lobster with cinnamon and fruit compote with Litsea Cubeba (A. Pataud)
Kitchen

Bathroom spray (L. Soto)
Cleaning products

Sanitising toilet soap (D. Baudoux)
Cleaning products

Bibliography

Essential oil of Chinese cinnamon

How to use

Features

Properties and uses

In practice

In practice

Precautions

Find out more

Equivalents

Aromatherapy recipes from the bibliography

Cystitis (T. Telphon)Health & wellbeingUrinary issues

Fungal infection of the nails (D. Baudoux)Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Verruca (D. Baudoux)Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Warts (D. Festy)Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Infectious diarrhoea (Aroma News - NARD)Health & wellbeingDigestive problems

Low saliva production (hyposialia) - dry mouth (D. Baudoux)Health & wellbeingMouth care

Erectile dysfunction (Aroma News - NARD)Health & wellbeingLow energy, fatigue

Aphrodisiac (D. Baudoux)Wellness

Aphrodisiac oil (N. Grosjean)Wellness

"Joy" bath oil (N. Purchon)Wellness

Fragrance blend to diffuse in the bedroom (N. Purchon)Wellness

Cellulite (D. Baudoux)BeautyBody care

Lamb kofta with basil rice (N. Le Foll and B. Da Costa)Kitchen

Guinea fowl roasted with cinnamon, beetroot purée with petitgrain (N. Le Foll and B. Da Costa)Kitchen

Cinnamon Rum (A. Erligmann)Kitchen

Citrus gingerbread (A. Pataud)Kitchen

Spicy fresh fruit salad (A. Pataud)Kitchen

Lobster with cinnamon and fruit compote with Litsea Cubeba (A. Pataud)Kitchen

Bathroom spray (L. Soto)Cleaning products

Sanitising toilet soap (D. Baudoux)Cleaning products

Bibliography

Cystitis (T. Telphon)
Health & wellbeingUrinary issues

Fungal infection of the nails (D. Baudoux)
Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Verruca (D. Baudoux)
Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Warts (D. Festy)
Health & wellbeingSkin problems

Infectious diarrhoea (Aroma News - NARD)
Health & wellbeingDigestive problems

Low saliva production (hyposialia) - dry mouth (D. Baudoux)
Health & wellbeingMouth care

Erectile dysfunction (Aroma News - NARD)
Health & wellbeingLow energy, fatigue

Aphrodisiac (D. Baudoux)
Wellness

Aphrodisiac oil (N. Grosjean)
Wellness

"Joy" bath oil (N. Purchon)
Wellness

Fragrance blend to diffuse in the bedroom (N. Purchon)
Wellness

Cellulite (D. Baudoux)
BeautyBody care

Lamb kofta with basil rice (N. Le Foll and B. Da Costa)
Kitchen

Guinea fowl roasted with cinnamon, beetroot purée with petitgrain (N. Le Foll and B. Da Costa)
Kitchen

Cinnamon Rum (A. Erligmann)
Kitchen

Citrus gingerbread (A. Pataud)
Kitchen

Spicy fresh fruit salad (A. Pataud)
Kitchen

Lobster with cinnamon and fruit compote with Litsea Cubeba (A. Pataud)
Kitchen

Bathroom spray (L. Soto)
Cleaning products

Sanitising toilet soap (D. Baudoux)
Cleaning products